Wireless communication control channel systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Radio resources can be allocated in a manner avoiding a zero power problem by selecting one of two reference signals for control channel estimation, and transmitting the selected reference signal in a resource block (RB) or RB pair carrying the control channel. The two reference signals span common resource elements (REs) in the RB or RB pair. Alternatively, a zero power problem can be avoided by assigning modified WALSH codes to the two reference signals, and transmitting the two reference signals in the RB or RB pair carrying the control channel in accordance with their modified WALSH codes. The modified WALSH codes include complex constants having a non-zero phase difference with one another. A control channel can be evenly partitioned in accordance with a checkerboard partitioning technique.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/540,678 filed on Sep. 29, 2011, entitled “Wireless CommunicationControl Channel Systems and Methods,” and U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/555,994 filed on Nov. 4, 2011, entitled “Wireless CommunicationControl Channel Systems and Methods,” both of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference as if reproduced in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to wireless communication systems andmethods, and, in particular embodiments, to wireless communicationcontrol channel systems and methods.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communications networks often use a control channel tocommunicate control information (e.g., resource allocation, modulation,and coding information, etc.) pertaining to a data channel. Forinstance, third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long TermEvolution (LTE) release 10 (rel-10) specifies communicating controlinformation of a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) using aPhysical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The PDCCH is located in thecontrol region of the sub-frame (which spans the first few leadingsymbols of the subframe), while the PDSCH is located in the data regionof the subframe (which spans the remaining/trailing symbols of thesubframe). Other control channels may also occupy the control region ofthe subframe. For instance, the control channel may include a PhysicalHybrid Indicator Channel (PHICH) for carrying acknowledgment (ACK) andnegative-acknowledgment (NACK) messages in response to uplink datatransmissions and a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)for indicating the number of symbols of control region in a subframe.

One proposed modification for future releases of LTE (e.g., 3GPP LTE-Arelease 11 (rel-11), etc.) is the introduction of an enhanced PDCCH(E-PDCCH) in the downlink subframe. The E-PDCCH may be used to carryuplink (UL) and/or downlink (DL) control signaling regarding the PDSCHand/or the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) to user equipments(UEs). Unlike previous control channels, the E-PDCCH will be located (atleast partially) in the data region of the subframe, and may befrequency division multiplexed (FDM) with the PDSCH.

There may be multiple E-PDCCHs to communicate multiple control messagesin a single PRB pair using time-division-multiplexing (TDM) techniques,frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, spatial divisionmultiplexing (SDM) techniques, or combinations thereof. This ability tocommunicate multiple resource allocations in a single RB is particularlybeneficial when high order modulation techniques are used, e.g., 16quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc. When an RB (or RB-pair)carries multiple control messages using TDM or FDM techniques, it isnecessary to partition the RB (or RB-pair) by mapping available REs tomultiple control channel elements (CCE). In this disclosure, CCEs of theE-PDDCH may be referred to as enhanced CCEs (eCCEs). For instance, an RBor RB-pair may be partitioned between a first eCCE (eCCE0) and a secondeCCE (eCCE1).

It is desirable to evenly partition an RB (or RB pair) amongst themultiple eCCEs such that each eCCE is assigned/allocated the same numberof REs. However, evenly partitioning an RB amongst multiple eCCEs iscomplicated by the existence of overhead information (e.g., referencesignals, etc.) within the RB or RB pair carrying the E-PDCCH, which maybe used for, inter alia, channel estimation (e.g., fading, etc.).Notably, the number and position of the overhead REs in the RB or RBpair varies depending on the configuration of the downlink channel,which means that an even partitioning of the RB or RB-pair cannotgenerally be achieved through a simple bifurcation of the RB or RB pair(e.g., splitting the RB in half along the time domain or frequencydomain). That is to say, the sporadic and uneven interspersion ofoverhead REs within the RB or RB pair carrying the E-PDCCH would, moreoften than not, cause one of the halves to carry more overhead (andtherefore fewer available REs) than the other. As such, a mechanism ortechnique for evenly partitioning the E-PDCCH between two or moreresource allocations is desired.

SUMMARY

Technical advantages are generally achieved, by embodiments of thepresent invention which describe wireless communication control channelsystems and methods.

In one embodiment, a method for allocating resources in a wirelessnetwork is provided. In this example, the method includes transmitting acontrol channel in a resource block (RB) or RB-pair. The control channelcomprises a first control channel element that is associated with afirst antenna port and a second control channel element that isassociated with a second antenna port. The first antenna port ispre-assigned a first reference signal and the second antenna port ispre-assigned a second reference signal. The method further includesselecting one of the first reference signal and the second referencesignal, and transmitting the selected reference signal in the RB orRB-pair. The selected reference signal is transmitted to enable channelestimation for both the first control channel element and the secondcontrol channel element at a receiver side. An apparatus for performingthis method is also provided.

In another embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is in a wireless network isprovided. In this example, the UE is configured to receive a RB orRB-pair carrying a control channel that comprises a first controlchannel element associated with a first antenna port and a secondcontrol channel element associated with a second antenna port. The firstantenna port is pre-assigned a first reference signal and the secondantenna port is pre-assigned a second reference signal. The UE isfurther configured to identify either the first reference signal or thesecond reference signal as being selected for channel estimation, and toperform channel estimation using the selected reference signal to decodethe first control channel element and the second control channelelement.

In yet another embodiment, a method for communicating an enhancedPhysical Downlink Control Channel (E-PDCCH) is provided. In thisexample, the method includes communicating the E-PDCCH over a firstenhanced control channel element (eCCE) and a second eCCE of a resourceblock (RB) or RB-pair of a long term evolution (LTE) sub-frame. Thefirst eCCE corresponds to a first antenna port and the second eCCEcorresponds to a second antenna port. The first antenna port isassociated with a first demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and thesecond antenna port is associated with a second DMRS. The method furtherincludes determining that the first antenna port is selected for E-PDCCHdemodulation, and transmitting the first DMRS in the RB or RB-Pairwithout transmitting the second DMRS in the RB or RB-Pair, wherein thefirst DMRS is transmitted to enable channel estimation for both thefirst eCCE and the second eCCE.

In yet another embodiment, another method for allocating resources in awireless network is provided. In this example, the method includestransmitting a control channel in an RB or RB-pair. The control channelcomprises a first control channel element that is associated with afirst antenna port and a second control channel element that isassociated with a second antenna port. The first antenna port ispre-assigned a first reference signal and the second antenna port ispre-assigned a second reference signal. The method further includesassigning a first modified Walsh code to the first reference signal andassigning a second modified Walsh code to the second reference signal.The first modified Walsh code comprises a first complex constant thesecond modified Walsh code comprising a second complex constant. Thesecond complex constant and the first complex constant have a non-zerophase difference. The method further includes transmitting, in the RB orRB-pair, both the first reference signal in accordance with the firstmodified WALSH code and the second reference signal in accordance withthe second modified Walsh code. The first reference signal istransmitted to enable channel estimation for the first control channelelement and the second reference signal is transmitted to enable channelestimation for the second control channel element. An apparatus forperforming this method is also provided.

In yet another embodiment, another method for allocating resources in awireless network is provided. In this example, the method includestransmitting a control channel in a resource block (RB) or RB-pair. Thecontrol channel comprises a first control channel element and a secondcontrol channel element. The method further comprises associating thefirst control channel element with a first one of a plurality of antennaports having a first pre-assigned reference signal, identifying a secondone of the plurality of antenna ports having a second pre-assignedreference signal that does not overlap with the first pre-assignedreference signal in time-frequency domain, associating the secondcontrol channel element with the second antenna port, and transmittingthe first pre-assigned reference signal and the second pre-assignedreference signal in an overhead portion of the RB or RB-pair.

In yet another embodiment, a method for evenly partitioning a controlchannel between a first control channel element and a second controlchannel element is provided. In this example, the method includesidentifying available ones of a plurality of resource elements (REs) ofa resource block (RB) pair. The plurality of REs occupy a plurality oftime-slots spanning a plurality of sub-carrier frequencies. The methodfurther comprises allocating a first set of the available REs to thefirst control channel element. The first set of the available REsinclude all available REs that occupy: odd ones of the plurality oftimeslots spanning odd ones of the plurality of sub-carrier frequencies;and even ones of the plurality of timeslots spanning even ones of theplurality of sub-carrier frequencies. The method further includesallocating a second set of the available REs to the second controlchannel element. The second set of the available REs include allavailable REs that occupy: even ones of the plurality of timeslotsspanning odd ones of the plurality of sub-carrier frequencies; and oddones of the plurality of timeslots spanning even ones of the pluralityof sub-carrier frequencies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a wirelesscommunications network;

FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a block of time-frequency resources forcarrying wireless transmissions;

FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a RB that has beenpartitioned using a checkerboard partitioning technique;

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of another embodiment of a RB that has beenpartitioned using a derivative of the checkerboard partitioningtechnique;

FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a RB that has beenpartitioned using a derivative of the checkerboard partitioningtechnique;

FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of the REs reserved for carrying DMRSsymbols corresponding to antenna ports 7, 8, 9, and 10 for a normalCyclic Prefix (CP) length;

FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of a zero power problem that occurs in whenan RB (or RB-pair) carries two DMRSs corresponding to antenna ports 7and 8;

FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of a zero power problem that occurs in anRB (or-RB pair) carries two DMRSs corresponding to antenna ports 9 and10;

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for avoidingthe zero power problem when transmitting an RB or RB pair carrying anE-PDCCH that is associated with two antenna ports having overlappingreference signals;

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method for receiving the RB or RBpair communicated by the method depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11( a) illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of an RB or RB pairthat is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11( b) illustrates a diagram of another embodiment of an RB or RBpair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12( a) illustrates a diagram of yet another embodiment of an RB orRB pair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12( b) illustrates a diagram of yet another embodiment of an RB orRB pair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of another embodiment of a method foravoiding the zero power problem when transmitting an RB or RB paircarrying an E-PDCCH that is associated with two antenna ports havingoverlapping reference signals;

FIG. 14( a) illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of an RB or RB pairthat is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 13;

FIG. 14( b) illustrates a diagram of another embodiment of an RB or RBpair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15( a) illustrates a diagram of a yet another embodiment of an RBor RB pair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG.13;

FIG. 15( b) illustrates a diagram of a yet another embodiment of an RBor RB pair that is communicated according to the method depicted in FIG.13;

FIG. 16( a) illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of an RB or RB pairthat includes resource allocations that are selectively allocated toantenna ports that do not have overlapping DMRSs;

FIG. 16( b) illustrates a diagram of another embodiment of an RB or RBpair that includes resource allocations that are selectively allocatedto antenna ports that do not have overlapping DMRSs;

FIG. 16( c) illustrates a diagram of yet another embodiment of an RB orRB pair that includes resource allocations that are selectivelyallocated to antenna ports that do not have overlapping DMRSs;

FIG. 16( d) illustrates a diagram of yet another embodiment of an RB orRB pair that includes resource allocations that are selectivelyallocated to antenna ports that do not have overlapping DMRSs;

FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of another embodiment of a method fortransmitting an RB or RB-pair carrying an E-PDCCH;

FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method for receiving the RB or RBpair communicated by the method depicted in FIG. 17; and

FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a communicationsdevice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The making and using of the presently described embodiments arediscussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that thepresent invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that canbe embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specificembodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to makeand use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention. Forexample, embodiments generally are described for evolved NodeBs (eNBs)and user equipments (UEs) for LTE rel-11 and later, but embodiments maybe applied to other types of wireless communications systems such asIEEE 802.16.

An issue relates to a zero power problem that may arise when the E-PDCCHcomprises two eCCEs or two resource partitions associated with antennaports whose reference signals span the same REs (e.g., antenna port 7and 8, etc.). Some aspects of this disclosure may be discussed in thecontext of 3GPP LTE-A release-10 (and other LTE standards). However,aspects of this disclosure are not so limited, and may be applicable toother contexts as well. As an example, a zero power problem may occurwhen a DMRS (in accordance with the 3GPP LTE-A release-10 standard)intended for a PDSCH is used for E-PDCCH. DMRS with antenna ports 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 have been defined in 3GPP 36.211 release 10. Asillustrated in FIG. 6, the DMRSs for antenna ports 7 and 8 arecode-division multiplexed, and the DMRSs of antenna ports 9 and 10 arealso code-division multiplexed. Conversely, for example, the DMRSs ofantenna ports 7 and 9 are time-frequency orthogonal. The Walsh code usedfor a DMRS is <a,b,c,d>, which is modulated in the REs of DMRS asindicated in FIG. 6. DMRS of Antennna port 4 has the Walsh code<a,b,c,d>=<1,1,1,1>, DMRS of antenna port 5 has the Walsh code<a,b,c,d>=<1,−1,1,−1>.

In LTE, each eCCE or resource partition may be associated with anantenna port that corresponds to a specific set of spatial resources,for example a beamforming vector or a precoding vector in the spatialdomain. To facilitate demodulation, each eCCE or resource partition istypically accompanied by a reference signal (e.g., transmitted in thesame RB or RB-pair) that is pre-associated with the correspondingantenna port. These reference signals may be known signals (e.g., aknown Walsh sequence) that are detected by the UE for purposes ofestimating channel characteristics (e.g., fading, etc.). Because eachresource partition may be associated with a different antenna port, anRB pair carrying multiple eCCEs may typically also carry a separatereference signal for each eCCE. For instance, an RB-pair carrying aneCCE0 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna ports 7 and 8 (respectively)may typically carry two separate demodulation reference signals(DMRS)—one for antenna port 7 and another for antenna port 8. In oneembodiment, multiple eCCEs in an RB-pair may be allocated to multipleE-PDCCHs in order to carry multiple control messages in the RB pair. Inthe same or other embodiments, multiple eCCEs in an RB-pair may beallocated to one E-PDCCH in order to ensure better performance for thesingle E-PDCCH. However, a zero power problem occurs when an E-PDCCH isallocated multiple resource partitions whose reference signals span thesame REs. For instance, an RB (or RB-pair) carrying a DMRS for antennaport 7 and a DMRS for antenna port 8 (both of which being allocated tothe same E-PDCCH) would have a zero power problem, as the second andfourth symbols of the respective Walsh codes <1,1,1,1> and <1,−1,1,−1>would, in effect, cancel one another out (i.e., result in <2,0,2,0>).This zero power problem is undesirable in so far as it inhibits channelestimation by the UE. As such, mechanisms and/or techniques for avoidingthe aforementioned zero power problem are desired.

Some aspects of this disclosure disclose techniques for evenlypartitioning an RB (or RB-pair) into two or more control channelelements (CCEs), one or more of which may be designated as an enhancedcontrol channel element (eCCE) for carrying an E-PDCCH (or portionthereof). Specifically, a checkerboard partitioning technique is used toassign (or partition) available REs (e.g., REs not reserved foroverhead) to a first control channel element (e.g., an eCCE0) and asecond control channel element (e.g., an eCCE1). Notably, thischeckerboard partitioning technique achieves an even apportionment ofavailable REs between the eCCE0 and the eCCE1 irrespective of the amountand/or positioning of overhead in the RB (or RB-pair). Additionally,this checkerboard partitioning technique can be used for partitioning anRB (or RB-pair) amongst three or more control channel elements (e.g.,three eCCEs, four eCCEs, etc.)

Other aspects of this disclosure suggest techniques for avoiding a zeropower problem when an RB or RB-pair comprises two (or more) controlchannel elements whose corresponding respective reference signals spanthe same or common REs. In one embodiment, the zero power problem isavoided by selecting one of the reference signals for channelestimation, and then including the selected reference signal in the RB(or RB-pair), while omitting the unselected reference signal from the RB(or RB-pair). For instance, when an RB or RB-pair comprises two controlchannel elements corresponding to antenna ports 7 and 8 (respectively),the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 7 may be selected for E-PDCCHchannel estimation, and the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 8 may beomitted (i.e., not transmitted in the RB or RB-pair for the E-PDCCH).Upon reception of the E-PDCCH, the UE may be configured to use the DMRScorresponding to antenna port 7 to perform channel estimation for thetwo resource partitions of the E-PDCCH (i.e., including the portion ofthe E-PDCCH carrying to the second resource partition corresponding toantenna port 8). Alternatively, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 8may be selected, and the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 7 may beomitted (i.e., not transmitted in the RB or RB-pair for the E-PDCCH).

In another embodiment, the zero power problem may be avoided by using anI, Q multiplexing technique to combine the respective reference signalsinto a complex reference signal, which may then be transmitted in thecommon REs. Specifically, the I, Q multiplexing technique may apply aphase shift to one of the reference signals such that the two referencesignals may be multiplexed together to form a complex reference signal.For instance, the DMRSs for antenna ports 7 and 8 may be combined bymultiplying the DMRS for antenna port 8 by a complex constant having aphase shift of π/2, and then multiplexing the phase-shifted DMRS forantenna port 8 with the DMRS for antenna port 7. As a result, the DMRSfor antenna port 7 <1, 1, 1, 1> and the modified DMRS for antenna port8<j, −j, j, −j> combine to generate a complex DMRS <1+j, 1−j, 1+j, 1−j>,which may then be transmitted in the common REs to avoid theaforementioned zero power problem.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network 100 comprising a cellular coveragearea 101 within which an eNB 110 provides wireless access to a pluralityof UEs 115, 125. The eNB 110 may provide wireless access by establishingdownlink communication links (solid arrows) and uplink communicationlinks (dashed arrows) with the UEs 115,125. In an embodiment, thewireless network 100 may operate in accordance with an LTE communicationprotocol. In such an embodiment, the downlink communications may includea PDCCH, a PDSCH, and an E-PDCCH, while the uplink communicationschannel may include a data channel (e.g., a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH). The PDSCH and PUSCH may include network resources(e.g., time-frequency resources in the form of blocks (RBs)), which maybe assigned to the UEs 115, 125 through signaling carried in the PDCCHand/or the E-PDCCH.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block of time-frequency resources 200 for carryingdownlink communications over the downlink communication link. As shown,the block of time-frequency resources 200 are segmented into a controlregion 210 and a data region 220. The control region 210 is occupied bya PDCCH 212, while the data region 220 is occupied by an E-PDCCH 222 anda PDSCH 224. The E-PDCCH 222 may be used for carrying uplink anddownlink grant information. In some embodiments, the E-PDCCH 222 mayextend into the control region 210.

As mentioned above, one challenge in implementing the E-PDCCH is toevenly partition an RB (or RB-pair) amongst multiple control channelelements. Specifically, and in accordance with aspects of thisdisclosure, even apportionment of the RB pair (or RB-pair) is achievedusing a checkerboard partitioning technique. FIG. 3 illustrates an RB300 that has been evenly partitioned using to a checkerboardpartitioning technique. As shown, the RB 300 comprises a plurality ofREs, which are classified as either overhead REs (dotted squares) oravailable RS (striped squares). The overhead REs in the RB 300 isreserved for carrying overhead information, such as reference signalsused for channel estimation. The available REs in the RB 300 carrycontrol information (e.g., grant information) of an E-PDCCH. Theavailable REs are evenly partitioned between a first control channelelement mapping to an eCCE0 index and a second control channel elementmapping to an eCCE1 index. For purposes of clarity and concision,control channel elements may be referred to as eCCEs throughout thisdisclosure. In some embodiments, the eCCE0 and eCCE1 may carry grantinformation for the same UE, while, in other embodiments, the eCCE0 andeCCE1 may carry grant information for different UEs.

Notably, the RB 300 is evenly partitioned such that equal numbers ofavailable REs are allocated to the eCCE0 and the eCCE1, resulting in acheckerboard type pattern. When there are two control channel elementseCCE0 and eCCE1, checkerboard partitioning is achieved by assigning tothe eCCE0 all available REs that occupy odd timeslots spanning oddsub-carrier frequencies, and all available REs that occupy eventimeslots spanning even sub-carrier frequencies, while assigning to theeCCE1 all remaining available REs (e.g., all available REs occupyingeven timeslots spanning odd sub-carrier frequencies and odd timeslotsspanning even sub-carrier frequencies).

Advantageously, the checkerboard partitioning technique achieves evenpartitioning irrespective of the overhead pattern/configuration. FIG. 4illustrates an RB 400 carrying resource allocations mapping to the eCCE0and the eCCE1. As shown, the RB 400 is evenly partitioned between theeCCE0 and the eCCE1, even though the RB 400 has a different overheadconfiguration than the RB 300. Hence, the checkerboard partitioningtechnique achieves even partitioning irrespective of the overheadpattern/configuration.

Additionally, the checkerboard partitioning technique is adaptable foran RB or RB-pair carrying three or more control channel elements. FIG. 5illustrates an RB 500 carrying an four control channel elements,including an eCCE0, an eCCE1, an eCCE2, and an eCCE3. As shown, theavailable REs of the RB 500 are evenly apportioned amongst the fourcontrol channel elements (eCCE0-eCCE3) using an adapted version of thecheckerboard partitioning technique. Notably the checkerboardpartitioning technique may be further adapted to evenly partition theavailable REs of an RB (or RB-pair) amongst three control channelelements, as well as amongst five or more control channel elements. Thecheckerboard partitioning technique may also be implemented to partitionan RB or RB-pair into regions for carrying distinct channels. Forinstance, an RB or RB-pair could be partitioned such that an E-DPCCH maybe multiplexed with a PDSCH.

An eCCE is associated with an antenna port (AP) so that the UE knowswhere to look for the DMRS sequence in the RB or RB-pair, and whichOrthogonal Cover Code (OCC) to use for channel estimation. Specifically,the eNB assigns APs to eCCEs based on an AP-to-eCCE mapping rule, whichis known by (or communicated to) the UE. Accordingly, the UE applies theAP-to-eCCE mapping rule to identify which AP to use when attempting todecode an E-PDCCH/eCCE based on the RE location. The AP-to-eCCE mappingrule may be communicated by higher layer signaling, or may be a prioridetermined and written in the standard specification documents.

With this AP-to-eCCE mapping rule, each eCCE is mapped to an AP (e.g.,one AP for each eCCE), and hence an RB or RB-pair carrying multipleeCCEs also carries multiple reference signals (as identified by the APsmapped to the eCCEs). Including multiple reference signals within an RBor RB-pair may be advantageous in some situations (e.g., when an E-PDCCHis transmitted using a diversity mode). However, in other situations, itmay be preferable to use a single reference signal. In such situations,a pre-defined rule may be implemented so that one AP is used formultiple eCCEs of a single E-PDCCH transmission. For instance, the UEmay use the AP associated with the eCCE with the lowest index.

Further and as mentioned above, another challenge when implementing theE-PDCCH relates to a zero power problem that occurs when an RB orRB-pair carries two reference signals that span common REs.Specifically, when an RB or RB-pair carries two or more control channelelements (e.g., each of which being associated with a different antennaport), the RB or RB-pair also carries a separate reference signal (e.g.,DMRS or otherwise) for each control channel element (e.g., so that theUE can perform channel estimation). When the RB or RB-pair carries tworeference signals that span common REs, the symbols of the respectivereference signals may cancel one another out, thereby causing a zeropower problem to occur. FIG. 6 illustrates a model RB 600 for carryingreference signal symbols for antenna ports 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the LTEfamily of communications protocols. As shown, the respective DMRSs forantenna ports 7 and 8 span the same REs, and the REs for antenna ports 9and 10 span the same REs. The Walsh Codes <a, b, c, d> for antenna ports9-10 are as follows: antenna port 7 <1, 1, 1, 1>; antenna port 8 <1, −1,1, −1>; antenna port 9 <1, 1, 1, 1>; and antenna port 10 <1, −1, 1, −1>.

Notably, the zero power problem generally arises when the two controlchannel elements associated with conflicting reference signals areintended for a single user. That is to say, the zero power problem maynot be present when the control channel elements associated withconflicting reference signals are intended for different users, becausethe conflicting reference symbols may be differentiated from one anotherin the code domain (e.g., such as by multiplying different constants).

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate two examples of how the zero power problemarises in conventional LTE frames. FIG. 7 illustrates an RB 700 carryingan eCCE0 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna ports 7 and 8(respectively). As shown, a zero power problem occurs when the DMRS forantenna port 7 (e.g., <1, 1, 1, 1>) and the DMRS for antenna port 8(e.g., <1, −1, 1, −1>) are transmitted together in the RB 700, as theREs carrying symbols b and d have zero amplitude. FIG. 8 illustrates howa similar problem occurs when an RB 800 carries an eCCE0 and an eCCE1corresponding to antenna ports 9 and 10 (respectively).

One solution to the zero power problem is to select one of the tworeference signals to use for channel estimation, and omit the unselectedreference signal from the RB or RB-pair entirely. Notably, discussionsrelating to the omission of a reference signal from an RB or RB-pair maybe in the context of a single code domain, e.g., as might be assigned toa single user, and therefore should not be interpreted as preventing theunselected reference signal from being transmitted in the RB or RB-pairin a different code domain, e.g., as might be assigned to another user.

FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for RB or RB-transmission, whichincludes selecting one of two overlapping reference signals for channelestimation to avoid the zero power problem that plagues the prior art.The method 900 begins at step 910, where an eNB partitions an RB orRB-pair amongst an eCCE0 and an eCCE1. The eCCE0 and the eCCE1 areassociated with separate antenna ports. Next, the method 900 proceeds tostep 920, where eNB determines that the reference signals pre-assignedto the antenna ports span common REs. For instance, it may be determinedthat the eCCE0 and the eCCE1 are associated with antenna ports 7 and 8(respectively), or, alternatively, with antenna ports 9 and 10(respectively). Next, the method 900 proceeds to step 930, where one ofthe two reference signals is selected for channel estimation. Theselected reference signal will be included in the RB or RB-pair, andwill be used to perform channel estimation for both the eCCE0 and eCCE1,while the unselected reference signal will be omitted from (i.e., nottransmitted in) the RB or RB-pair and, therefore, will not be availablefor channel estimation. The method 900 then proceeds to step 940, wherethe selected reference signal is transmitted in the RB or RB-pair.

FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for receiving RB or RB-pairtransmitted by the method 900. The method 1000 begins at step 1005,where the UE receives the RB or RB-pair. Next, the method 1000 proceedsto step 1010, where the UE determines that the RB or RB-pair is carryingtwo control channel elements, namely an eCCE0 and an eCCE1. Next, themethod 1000 proceeds to step 1020, where the UE determines that theeCCE0 and eCCE1 are associated with a first reference signal and asecond reference signal (respectively). Next, the method 1000 proceedsto step 1030, where the UE determines whether the first reference signaland the second reference signal span common REs.

If the determination in step 1030 is that the respective referencesignals span the same REs, then the method 1000 proceeds to step 1040,where the UE determines which of the two reference signals was selectedfor channel estimation. In some embodiments, this determination may bemade according with a predefined rule. For instance, the pre-definedrule may state that if resource allocations corresponding to antennaports 7 and 8 are transmitted in the same RB or RB-pair, then the DMRScorresponding with antenna port 7 will be selected for channelestimation. Thereafter, the method 1000 proceeds to step 1045, where theUE performs channel estimation using the selected reference signal.Performing channel estimation may include detecting the selectedreference signal to determine channel fading and/or other channelcharacteristics of the air channel.

If the determination in step 1030 is that the respective referencesignals do not span the same REs, then the method 1000 proceeds to step1050, where the UE uses the first reference signal to perform channelestimation on the eCCE0. Thereafter, the method 1000 proceeds to step1055, where the UE uses the second reference signal to perform channelestimation on the eCCE1.

FIG. 11( a) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1100 that is communicatedaccording to the method 900. The RB 1100 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 7 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 8. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 7 is selected forchannel estimation, and therefore is transmitted in the RB 1100. TheDMRS corresponding to antenna port 8 remains unselected, and istherefore not transmitted in the RB 1100.

FIG. 11( b) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1150 that is communicatedaccording to the method 900. The RB 1150 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 7 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 8. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 8 is selected forchannel estimation, and therefore is transmitted in the RB 1150. TheDMRS corresponding to antenna port 7 remains unselected, and istherefore not transmitted in the RB 1150.

FIG. 12( a) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1200 that is communicatedaccording to the method 900. The RB 1200 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 9 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 10. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 9 is selected forchannel estimation, and therefore is transmitted in the RB 1200. TheDMRS corresponding to antenna port 10 remains unselected, and istherefore not transmitted in the RB 1200.

FIG. 12( b) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1250 that is communicatedaccording to the method 900. The RB 1250 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 9 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 10. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 10 is selected forchannel estimation, and therefore is transmitted in the RB 1250. TheDMRS corresponding to antenna port 9 remains unselected, and istherefore not transmitted in the RB 1250.

Another solution to the zero power problem is to combine the respectivereference signals (e.g., using I, Q multiplexing techniques) into acomplex reference signal. FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for RB orRB-pair transmission, which includes combining overlapping referencesignals into a complex reference signal. The method 1300 begins at step1310, where an eNB partitions an RB or RB-pair into an eCCE0 and aneCCE1. The eCCE0 and eCCE1 are associated with separate antenna ports.Next, the method 1300 proceeds to step 1320, where the eNB determinesthat the pre-assigned reference signals span common REs. Thereafter, themethod 1300 proceeds to step 1330, where the first reference symbol ismultiplied by a first complex constant. Next, the method 1300 proceedsto step 1340, where the second reference symbol is multiplied by asecond complex constant having a π/2 phase difference with respect tothe first complex constant. In some embodiments, the first complexconstant may have a zero phase shift, and the second complex constantmay have a π/2 phase shift. Thereafter, the method 1300 proceeds to step1350, where the first modified reference signal and the second modifiedreference signal are multiplexed to achieve a complex reference signal.Subsequently, the method 1300 proceeds to step 1360, where the complexreference signal is transmitted in the RB or RB-pair.

FIG. 14( a) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1400 that is communicatedaccording to the method 1300. The RB 1400 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 7 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 8. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 8 is multiplied by acomplex constant having a phase shift of π/2 such that the complexreference signal <1+j, 1−j, 1+j, 1−j> is communicated in the RB 1400.

FIG. 14( b) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1450 that is communicatedaccording to the method 1300. The RB 1450 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 7 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 8. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 7 is multiplied by acomplex constant having a phase shift of π/2 such that the complexreference signal <1+j, −1+j, 1+j, −1+j> is communicated in the RB 1450.

FIG. 15( a) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1500 that is communicatedaccording to the method 1300. The RB 1500 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 9 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 10. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 10 is multiplied by acomplex constant having a phase shift of π/2 such that the complexreference signal <1+j, 1−j, 1+j, 1−j> is communicated in the RB 1500.

FIG. 15( b) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1550 that is communicatedaccording to the method 1300. The RB 1550 carries an eCCE0 correspondingto antenna port 9 and an eCCE1 corresponding to antenna port 10. In thisexample, the DMRS corresponding to antenna port 9 is multiplied by acomplex constant having a phase shift of π/2 such that the complexreference signal <1+j, −1+j, 1+j, −1+j> is communicated in the RB 1550.

Generally, two codes c*<1,1,1,1>, c*<j,−j,j,−j> can be used formultiplexing two DMRS. “c” is a complex constant. “j” is used toindicate the imaginary part of a complex number.

Another technique for avoiding the aforementioned zero power problem isto allocate, to the control channel elements, antenna ports havingnon-conflicting reference signals (i.e., reference signals whose symbolsdo not overlap in the time-frequency domain). FIG. 16( a) illustrates anembodiment of an RB 1610 that carries an eCCE0 and an eCCE1. As shown,the eCCE0 has been allocated to antenna port 7 and the eCCE1 has beenallocated to antenna port 9. Since antenna ports 7 and 9 are associatedwith non-overlapping DMRSs, there is no zero power problem in the RB1610.

FIG. 16( b) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1620 that carries aneCCE0 and an eCCE1. As shown, the eCCE0 has been allocated to antennaport 7 and the eCCE1 has been allocated to antenna port 10. Sinceantenna ports 7 and 10 are associated with non-overlapping DMRSs, thereis no zero power problem in the RB 1620.

FIG. 16( c) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1630 that carries aneCCE0 and an eCCE1. As shown, the eCCE0 has been allocated to antennaport 8 and the eCCE1 has been allocated to antenna port 9. Since antennaports 8 and 9 are associated with non-overlapping DMRSs, there is nozero power problem in the RB 1630.

FIG. 16( d) illustrates an embodiment of an RB 1640 that carries anE-PDCCH that comprises an eCCE0 and an eCCE1. As shown, the eCCE0 hasbeen allocated to antenna port 8 and the eCCE1 has been allocated toantenna port 10. Since antenna ports 8 and 10 are associated withnon-overlapping DMRSs, there is no zero power problem in the RB 1640.

Another technique for avoiding the aforementioned zero power problem isto assign a common antenna port to each control channel element in anE-PDCCH, such that a common DMRS is used to perform channel estimationfor the entire E-PDCCH. An antenna port is an index assigned to a DMRSto differentiate that DMRS from other DMRSs. The resource partition andits corresponding DMRS with the same antenna port have the same virtualantenna, and hence the same channel response after precoding.

In some embodiments, signaling may be used to inform UEs that one ormore antenna ports are associated with a resource partition (or eCCE).In the same or other embodiments, one or more antenna ports may beassociated with a resource partition (or eCCE) in a standardizedspecification (e.g., 3GPP LTE rel-11), or otherwise pre-configuredaccording to a parameter, e.g., a UE identity (C-RNTI in 3GPP) and/or asubframe number, etc. Generally, an eCCE may comprise one or moreresource partitions. As an example, in FIG. 16( a), the antenna port 7and antenna port 9 for respective CCEs may be predefined inspecification or pre-configuration according to UE identity (C-RNTI in3GPP).

In the eNodeB side, the eNodeB select the resource partitions such aseCCEs to transmit an E-PDCCH. The eNodeB may select one eCCE to transmitthe E-PDCCH, or may select multiple eCCE (2,4 eCCEs, etc) to transmitthe E-PDCCH. The eNodeB transmits the E-PDCCH. In some embodiments, theUE blindly detects the control channel based on a mapping betweenresource partitions and the DMRS. In other words, the UE uses thecorresponding DMRS of a resource partition (e.g., a eCCE) for channelestimation of the resource partition (e.g., the eCCE). Two or moreresource partitions for control channels can be multiplexed in the sameRB or RB pair.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of a method 1700 for E-PDCCHtransmission. The method 1700 begins at step 1710, where an eNBpartitions an RB (or RB-pair) into multiple eCCEs. Next, the methodproceeds to step 1720, where each eCCE in the RB (or RB-pair) isassigned an AP. The AP is an index used to differentiate different DMRSsfrom one another, and hence each eCCE is assigned an AP corresponding toa unique DMRS. The eCCE and its corresponding DMRS share a commonvirtual antenna, and hence have the same channel response afterprecoding. Next, the method 1700 proceeds to step 1730, where the eNBselects a set of eCCEs for carrying an E-PDCCH transmission. Thereafter,the method 1700 proceeds to step 1740, where the eNB determines a singleAP to use for the E-PDCCH channel estimation. Next, the method 1700proceeds to step 1750, where the eNB identifies a DMRS corresponding tothe AP. Finally, the method 1700 proceeds to step 1760, where the eNBmaps, encodes, and transmits the E-PDCCH and corresponding DMRS with theRB (or RB-pair).

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a method 1800 for E-PDCCHreception. The method 1800 begins at step 1810, where the UE determinesa set of eCCEs occupied by an E-PDCCH candidate. Next, the method 1800proceeds to step 1820, where the UE determines a set of APs associatedwith the set of eCCEs. Thereafter, the method 1800 proceeds to step1830, where the UE selects a single AP for the set based on apre-defined rule (e.g., selecting the AP associated with the eCCE havingthe lowest index). Next, the method 1800 proceeds to step 1840, wherethe UE performs channel estimation using the DMRS associated with thesingle AP. Next, the method 1800 proceeds to step 1850, where the UEattempts to decode the E-PDCCH candidate. DMRSs corresponding to eachresource partition of a control channel, for a UE may be signaled to theUE. Or a mapping relation between resource partitions and DMRSs may bedefined, for example, predefined in specification.

FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a communicationsdevice 1900, which may be equivalent to one or more devices (e.g., UEs,eNBs, etc.) discussed above. The communications device 1900 may includea processor 1904, a memory 1906, a cellular interface 1910, and one ormore supplemental interfaces 1912-1914, which may (or may not) bearranged as shown in FIG. 19. The processor 1904 may be any componentcapable of performing computations and/or other processing relatedtasks, and the memory 1906 may be any component capable of storingprogramming and/or instructions for the processor 1904. The cellularinterface 1910 may be any component or collection of components thatallows the communications device 1900 to communicate using a cellularsignal, and may be used to receive and/or transmit information over acellular connection of a cellular network. The supplemental interfaces1912-1914 may be any component or collection of components that allowsthe communications device 1900 to communicate with other devices via awireless or wireline protocol.

While this invention has been described with reference to illustrativeembodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in alimiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of theillustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention,will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to thedescription. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompassany such modifications or embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for allocating resources in a wirelessnetwork, the method comprising: transmitting a control channel in aresource block (RB) or RB-pair, the control channel comprising a firstcontrol channel element that is associated with a first antenna port anda second control channel element that is associated with a secondantenna port, wherein the first antenna port is pre-assigned a firstreference signal sequence and the second antenna port is pre-assigned asecond reference signal sequence, and wherein the first reference signalsequence and the second reference signal sequence are mapped to commonresource element (RE) locations in the RB or RB-pair; selecting thefirst reference signal sequence; and transmitting the first referencesignal sequence in the RB or RB-pair without transmitting the secondreference signal sequence in the RB or RB-pair, wherein the firstreference signal sequence is configured to be used to perform channelestimation on both the first control channel element and the secondcontrol channel element at a receiver side.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the first antenna port has a time-frequency resource andsequence matching a time-frequency resource and sequence of antenna portseven defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) long termevolution (LTE) telecommunication standard release 10, and wherein thesecond antenna port has a time-frequency resource and sequence matchinga time-frequency resource and sequence of antenna port eight defined bythe 3GGP LTE telecommunication standard release
 10. 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first antenna port has a time-frequency resourceand sequence matching a time-frequency resource and sequence of antennaport nine defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) longterm evolution (LTE) telecommunication standard release 10, and whereinthe second antenna port has a time-frequency and sequence matching atime-frequency resource and sequence of antenna port ten defined by the3GGP LTE telecommunication standard release
 10. 4. The method of claim1, wherein the control channel is an enhanced Physical Downlink ControlChannel (E-PDCCH) in a data region of a long term evolution (LTE)sub-frame, and wherein the first control channel element and the secondcontrol channel element are enhanced control channel elements (eCCEs)that occupy different resource elements (REs) of the E-PDCCH.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the second reference signal sequence isexcluded from the RB or RB-pair in a code domain of the first referencesignal sequence.
 6. An enhanced node B (eNB) in a wireless network, theeNB comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, theprogramming including instructions to: transmit a control channel in aresource block (RB) or RB-pair, the control channel comprising a firstcontrol channel element that is associated with a first antenna port anda second control channel element that is associated with a secondantenna port, wherein the first antenna port is pre-assigned a firstreference signal sequence and the second antenna port is pre-assigned asecond reference signal sequence, and wherein the first reference signalsequence and the second reference signal sequence are mapped to commonresource element (RE) locations in the RB or RB-pair; select the firstreference signal sequence for channel estimation; and transmit the firstreference signal sequence in the RB or RB-pair without transmitting thesecond reference signal sequence in the RB or RB-pair, wherein the firstreference signal sequence is configured to be used to perform channelestimation for both the first control channel element and the secondcontrol channel element.
 7. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the secondreference signal sequence is excluded from the RB or RB-pair in a codedomain of the first reference signal sequence.
 8. A user equipment (UE)in a wireless network, the UE comprising: a processor; and anon-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming forexecution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:receive a resource block (RB) or RB-pair carrying a control channel,wherein the control channel comprises a first control channel elementassociated with a first antenna port and a second control channelelement associated with a second antenna port, wherein the first antennaport is pre-assigned a first reference signal sequence and the secondantenna port is pre-assigned a second reference signal sequence, andwherein the first reference signal sequence and the second referencesignal sequence are mapped to common resource element (RE) locations inthe RB or RB-pair; identify the first reference signal sequence as beingselected for channel estimation; and perform channel estimation usingthe first reference signal sequence to decode the first control channelelement and the second control channel element without using the secondreference signal sequence to decode the first control channel elementand the second control channel element.
 9. The UE of claim 8, whereinthe instructions to perform channel estimation include instructions toperform channel estimation without considering the second referencesignal sequence.
 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the second referencesignal sequence is excluded from the RB or RB-pair in a code domain ofthe first reference signal sequence.
 11. A method for communicating anenhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (E-PDCCH), the methodcomprising: communicating the E-PDCCH over a first enhanced controlchannel element (eCCE) and a second eCCE of a resource block (RB) orRB-pair of a long term evolution (LTE) sub-frame, wherein the first eCCEcorresponds to a first antenna port and the second eCCE corresponds to asecond antenna port, wherein the first antenna port is associated with afirst demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and the second antenna portis associated with a second DMRS, and wherein the first DMRS and thesecond DMRS are mapped to common resource element (RE) locations in theRB or RB-pair; determining that the first antenna port is selected forE-PDCCH demodulation; and transmitting the first DMRS in the RB orRB-Pair without transmitting the second DMRS in the RB or RB-Pair inresponse to determining that the first antenna port is selected forE-PDCCH demodulation, wherein the first DMRS is transmitted to enablechannel estimation for both the first eCCE and the second eCCE.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the second DMRS is excluded from the RB orRB-pair in a code domain of the first DMRS.
 13. A method for allocatingresources in a wireless network, the method comprising: transmitting acontrol channel in a resource block (RB) or RB-pair, the control channelcomprising a first control channel element that is associated with afirst antenna port and a second control channel element that isassociated with a second antenna port, wherein the first antenna port ispre-assigned a first reference signal sequence and the second antennaport is pre-assigned a second reference signal sequence; assigning afirst modified cover code to the first reference signal sequence, thefirst modified cover code comprising a first complex constant for thefirst reference signal sequence; assigning a second modified cover codeto the second reference signal sequence, the second modified cover codecomprising a second complex constant, wherein the second complexconstant and the first complex constant have a non-zero phasedifference; and transmitting, over common resource elements of the RB orRB-pair, both the first reference signal sequence in accordance with thefirst modified cover code and the second reference signal sequence inaccordance with the second modified cover code, wherein the firstreference signal sequence is transmitted to enable channel estimationfor the first control channel element, and wherein the second referencesignal sequence is transmitted to enable channel estimation for thesecond control channel element.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein thenon-zero phase difference is equal to π/2.
 15. An enhanced node B (eNB)in a wireless network, the eNB comprising: a processor; and anon-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming forexecution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:transmit a control channel in a resource block (RB) or RB-pair, thecontrol channel comprising a first control channel element that isassociated with a first antenna port and a second control channelelement that is associated with a second antenna port, wherein the firstantenna port is pre-assigned a first reference signal sequence and thesecond antenna port is pre-assigned a second reference signal sequence;assign a first modified cover code to the first reference signalsequence, the first modified cover code comprising a first complexconstant; assign a second modified cover code to the second referencesignal sequence, the second modified cover code comprising a secondcomplex constant, wherein the second complex constant and the firstcomplex constant have a non-zero phase difference; and transmit, overcommon resource elements of the RB or RB-pair, both the first referencesignal sequence in accordance with the first modified cover code and thesecond reference signal sequence in accordance with the second modifiedcover code, wherein the first reference signal sequence is configured toenable channel estimation for the first control channel element, andwherein the second reference signal sequence is configured to enablechannel estimation for the second control channel element.
 16. The eNBof claim 15, wherein the non-zero phase difference is equal to π/2. 17.A user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, the UE comprising: aprocessor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storingprogramming for execution by the processor, the programming includinginstructions to: receive a resource block (RB) or RB-pair that ispartitioned into an overhead section, a first control channel element,and a second control channel element, the overhead section carrying acomplex reference signal sequence, and the first control channel elementand the second control channel element carrying respective portions of acontrol channel, wherein the complex reference signal sequence comprisesa first reference signal sequence and a second reference signal sequencemapped to common resource element (RE) locations in the RB or RB-pair,wherein the first reference signal sequence has a non-zero phasedifference with the second reference signal sequence, wherein the firstcontrol channel element is associated with a first antenna port and thesecond control channel element is associated with a second antenna port,and wherein the first antenna port is pre-assigned the first referencesignal sequence and the second antenna port is pre-assigned the secondreference signal sequence; isolate the first reference signal sequencefrom the complex reference signal sequence; isolate the second referencesignal sequence from the complex reference signal sequence; performchannel estimation using the first reference signal sequence to decodethe first control channel element; and perform channel estimation usingthe second reference signal sequence to decode the second controlchannel element.
 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the non-zero phasedifference is equal to π/2.
 19. A method for evenly partitioning acontrol channel, the method comprising: identifying available ones of aplurality of resource elements (REs) in a data region of a resourceblock (RB) pair, wherein the plurality of REs occupy a plurality oftime-slots spanning a plurality of sub-carrier frequencies, and whereinthe available REs exclude demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbols;numbering the available REs in the RB pair cyclically in an increasingorder, wherein the numbering increments first based on frequency andthen based on time; and allocating the available REs to enhanced controlchannel elements (eCCEs) in accordance with the numbering.
 20. A userequipment (UE) in a wireless network, the UE comprising: a processor;and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storingprogramming for execution by the processor, the programming includinginstructions to: identify available ones of a plurality of resourceelements (REs) in a data region of a resource block (RB) pair, whereinthe plurality of REs occupy a plurality of time-slots spanning aplurality of sub-carrier frequencies, and wherein the available REsexclude demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbols; number theavailable REs in the RB pair cyclically in an increasing order, whereinthe numbering increments first based on frequency and then based ontime; and allocate the available REs to enhanced control channelelements (eCCEs) in accordance with the numbering.